Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive and degenerative neurological condition where the body’s immune system targets the coating of the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord causing their destruction. This process results in a wide range of symptoms affecting balance, coordination and vision. The most common form of MS is relapsing- remitting where the patient will experience relapses followed by periods of remission.
MS is diagnosed clinically, meaning it is based on the signs and symptoms the patient is experiencing along with a full history and neurological examination. However, to help differentiate MS from other conditions which can mimic the disorder, several tests can be conducted:
- MRI scan – provides a detailed image of the brain which will show damage of the coating of the nerves in the brain and spinal cord.
- Evoked potential test – monitors the speed at which the nerves send messages to the brain.
- Lumbar puncture – looks for nerve coating fragments in the spinal fluid.
- Blood test – checks for vitamin deficiencies which can mimic MS.
Currently, there is no cure for MS however experts can help slow the progression of the disease and alleviate symptoms. Early diagnosis of MS allows for quick intervention to reduce long term disability.
Multiple Sclerosis clinic for children
The service provided is for those under 18 years of age. In clinic, patients will be seen by a paediatric neurologist who will assess and diagnose MS and initiate medications aimed at dampening their immune system and reduce the impact of the disease.
Credits:
Ines Djedje – University of Mancheser 5th year medical student
Sources:
- Dobson, R. and Giovannoni, G. (2019), Multiple sclerosis – a review. Eur J Neurol, 26: 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.13819
- multiple-sclerosis-mgt-for-children-sept-2017.pdf (england.nhs.uk)